Objectives: Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) is an efficient intervention to maintain functional capabilities and mitigate physiological changes in the older population. However, an attempt has yet to be made to comprehensively investigate the published landscape on the subject. Methods: This study had two aims. The first aim was to perform a bibliometric analysis for two keywords, “aging” and “PA”, to analyze the research trend. Since “frailty” was the most noticeable co-occurring keyword with the two keywords, the second aim was to investigate the effects of PA, particularly, resistance training (RT), on frailty using a meta-analysis to provide a summary of the current evidence base. Results: The bibliometric analysis revealed that the number of publications on this research topic has gradually increased, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of PA in aging. The meta-analysis found that RT had significant beneficial effects on physical frailty factors, including handgrip strength, lower limb strength, balance, gait speed, and stair-climbing ability. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that RT is an effective intervention for improving physical function in frail populations; thus, it has important implications for the development of PA programs for older adults with frailty. Future research is warranted to explore the optimal dose, frequency, and duration of RT programs for older adults, as well as the potential benefits of combining RT with other forms of PA, such as aerobic or balance exercises.

中文翻譯：

體力活動對老年身體成分、肌肉力量和身體機能的影響：文獻計量和薈萃分析

目標：越來越多的證據(jù)表明，體力活動 (PA) 是維持老年人功能和減輕生理變化的有效干預措施。然而，尚未嘗試全面調(diào)查已發(fā)表的有關(guān)該主題的情況。方法：本研究有兩個目的。第一個目的是對“aging”和“PA”兩個關(guān)鍵詞進行文獻計量分析，分析研究趨勢。由于“虛弱”是這兩個關(guān)鍵詞中最引人注目的同時出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，因此第二個目標是使用薈萃分析來研究 PA，特別是阻力訓練 (RT) 對虛弱的影響，以提供當前的總結(jié)證據(jù)基礎。結(jié)果：文獻計量分析顯示，有關(guān)該研究主題的出版物數(shù)量逐漸增加，凸顯了了解 PA 在衰老中的作用的重要性。薈萃分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，RT 對身體虛弱因素有顯著的有益影響，包括握力、下肢力量、平衡、步態(tài)速度和爬樓梯能力。結(jié)論：這些研究結(jié)果表明，放療是改善體弱人群身體機能的有效干預措施；因此，它對于針對體弱老年人制定 PA 項目具有重要意義。未來的研究有必要探索老年人 RT 計劃的最佳劑量、頻率和持續(xù)時間，以及將 RT 與其他形式的 PA（例如有氧運動或平衡運動）相結(jié)合的潛在益處。

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