摘要：

普遍語法學者認為，在兒童語言習得的過程中，雖然語言刺激存在許多缺陷，但兒童依然能夠從這些充滿缺陷的語言輸入中獲得語法能力，這說明人類大腦中存在一種先天的語言習得機制。這一假設遭到認知語言學的挑戰(zhàn)。認知語言學認為，兒童對語言的理解和使用建立在一般認知能力的基礎之上，特別是記憶能力、抽象能力和推理能力。近年來，學者們通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童具有驚人的記憶力、抽象能力和推理能力。抽象能力幫助兒童通過日常接觸的語料掌握語法規(guī)則，獲得構式；推理能力則幫助兒童利用原有知識獲得更多的新知識，從而增強其表達能力。本文通過對兒童實際語言習得過程的觀察和研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童語言能力的獲得與語言輸入的質(zhì)和量有密切的關系。兒童獲得的語言刺激來源廣泛，其豐富性、針對性和高頻次也遠遠超過一般人的想象。兒童的語言能力與其概念能力和思維能力相互影響：概念能力可以推動語言能力的發(fā)展，而語言能力的發(fā)展可以進一步推動思維能力的發(fā)展。

關鍵詞: 語言習得; 語言能力; 語言輸入; 刺激貧乏論

Abstract:

According to universal grammar, in the process of children’s language acquisition, there are many deficiencies in language stimuli, but children are nonetheless able to develop grammatical abilities, indicating the existence of an innate language acquisition mechanism in the brain. This hypothesis has been challenged by cognitive linguists, who believe that children’s understanding and use of language is based on general cognitive abilities, especially memory, abstraction, and reasoning. In recent years, experiments have revealed that children have excellent memory, abstraction, and reasoning abilities. Abstraction helps children to grasp grammar rules and acquire constructions through daily exposure to language materials, while reasoning helps children to use existing knowledge to acquire new knowledge, thereby enhancing their expressive abilities. This paper examines the actual process of children’s language acquisition and suggests that the acquisition of children’s language abilities is closely related to the quality and quantity of language input. The sources of language stimuli that children receive are extensive, and their richness, specificity, and frequency far exceed the imagination of the general public. Moreover, children’s language abilities interact with their conceptual and thinking abilities. These conceptual abilities can promote the development of language abilities, which in turn can further promote the development of thinking abilities.

Keywords: language acquisition; language ability; language input; stimulus poverty

中圖分類號: 

H319

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網(wǎng)址: 語言習得中的語言輸入及語言能力的發(fā)展——以《人生初年——一名中國女孩的語言日志》中“冬冬”的母語習得過程為例 http://m.gysdgmq.cn/newsview133744.html