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社會經濟地位、性別不平等與性別角色觀念

Socioeconomic status, gender inequality and gender roles

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摘要

性別角色觀念代表了人們如何看待男性和女性的社會角色，它從另一個維度反映了社會的性別平等狀況。本研究利用“2010年中國綜合社會調查”（CGSS010）數據，從社會整體和家庭內部探討社會經濟地位、性別不平等與性別角色觀念之間的關系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：第一，個體在社會結構中的位置影響其性別角色觀念：高教育程度、高收入以及高地位職業(yè)群體的性別角色觀念更為開放；第二，社會結構位置對性別角色觀念的影響存在性別差異：社會經濟地位的提高對女性性別角色觀念的積極影響要大于男性，在社會結構中處于較高位置的女性相比相同位置的男性，性別角色觀念更加平等開放；第三，家庭內部的性別不平等模式對性別角色觀念的影響也存在差異。夫妻間相對教育程度和相對收入對男性沒有影響，但是對女性有顯著的影響。夫妻間相對教育程度對女性的性別角色觀念有持續(xù)的積極影響，教育程度高于配偶的女性，性別角色觀念更加平等開放。夫妻間相對收入對女性的性別角色觀念有顯著的正向影響，但是當女性的收入高于配偶一定范圍后，這種影響消失了。

Abstract

Gender role attitudes are about how a person identifies oneself with regard to rights and roles linked to gender in family and market, and also reflect the gender equality in society from another dimension. Using data from “2010 Chinese General Social Survey”(CGSS2010), we estimated associations of socioeconomic status (SES), gender inequality and gender role attitudes. Results suggest that gender role attitudes were significantly related to people’s social positions: The higher were people’s SES, the more liberal were their gender role attitudes. The associations of SES and gender role attitudes changed among women and men: the positive effect of the socioeconomic status on women’s gender role attitudes was stronger. Women with higher SES demonstrated greater modern trends in gender role attitudes than did men with the similar social positions. The effect of gender inequality among couples on change in gender role attitudes were also different between women and men. Women’s gender role attitudes were positively associated to their relative education and earnings, but men’s attitudes are not affected by their relative resource among couples: the more relative education women have, the more they expressed equal gender role attitudes; the more relative earnings women have, the more they hold nontraditional gender role attitudes, however, when women’s relative earnings rised at some point, their gender role attitudes reversed to be more traditional.

王鵬 吳愈曉.社會經濟地位、性別不平等與性別角色觀念[J]. 社會學評論, 2019, 7(2): 55-69

Socioeconomic status, gender inequality and gender roles[J]. Sociological Review of China, 2019, 7(2): 55-69

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基金

2017年度教育部人文社會科學研究青年基金項目

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