摘要： 建筑環(huán)境與人體健康密切相關(guān)，COVID-19疫情全球蔓延使得長(zhǎng)期居家隔離更凸顯了建筑環(huán)境對(duì)人體生理、心理及社會(huì)健康的影響，建筑領(lǐng)域迫切需要采取措施改善建筑環(huán)境對(duì)人體健康的影響，隨著對(duì)健康概念理解的逐步深入，缺乏從整體視角對(duì)健康建筑的演變進(jìn)行綜合性的分析和評(píng)述。通過使用CiteSpace等分析軟件對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外健康建筑相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)及研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)，從文獻(xiàn)的分布、演變、熱點(diǎn)等方面展開科學(xué)計(jì)量分析，結(jié)果表明：（1）2015年-2020年國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)健康建筑的發(fā)文年度總量分別增長(zhǎng)42%和37%；（2）有關(guān)健康建筑國(guó)外研究主要集中在氣候變化的影響和污染評(píng)估方面，而國(guó)內(nèi)則集中于分析制定健康住宅和評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；（3）健康建筑的研究熱點(diǎn)可歸納為針對(duì)地域性需求、社會(huì)問題、影響因素，綠色建筑健康性四個(gè)方面。未來可進(jìn)一步基于地域特征進(jìn)行溯因解釋研究，并從統(tǒng)籌整體觀角度解析動(dòng)態(tài)機(jī)制，研究基于使用者行為的人因交互機(jī)制，以及基于循證的健康建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究與評(píng)價(jià)。成果可為健康建筑相關(guān)研究方向和實(shí)踐探索提供借鑒和參考。

關(guān)鍵詞: 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（72042016）：重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件中的社會(huì)治理體系建設(shè)——以武漢市為例。

Abstract: The built environment is closely related to human health. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the problem of long-term home isolation is prominent; this highlights the effect of built environments on human physiological, psychological, and social health. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the effect of built environments on human health. Although the understanding of health concepts has gradually improved, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis and review of the evolution of healthy buildings from a holistic perspective. To more comprehensively understand the correlation and effects of the built environment and human health, this study systematically analyzed and compared the research progress in the field of healthy buildings in different countries at different stages of development from the perspective of the discipline as a whole.
　　Using CiteSpace visualization software, this study did a scientometric analysis of 244 publications and research results related to healthy buildings in China and abroad in terms of literature distribution, evolution, and hotspots. The results showed that (1) the annual total number of publications on healthy buildings in China and abroad increased by 42% and 37% in 2015 and 2020 respectively; (2) the research focus and differences between developed and developing countries in the field of healthy buildings were clearly visible from the distribution of countries and regions; (3) according to a clustering analysis of research keywords, foreign countries tended to focus on social problems such as climate change and pollution assessment, and the focus shifted from building performance to user behavior and perception. Domestic research in general showed a diversified trend, focusing on evaluation standards, equipment, and technology.
　　By relying on the main line of the "demand-mechanism application" of healthy-building research, the research hotspots could be summarized as follows. First, in terms of research on regional demand differences, developed countries focus on such factors as the mechanism of noncommunicable diseases, mental health, well-being, and built environments related to poor lifestyles. In contrast, developing countries focus on the correlation between hygiene, pollution, and other factors of poorly built environments. Second, research on healthy buildings is prominently based on social problems such as climate change, epidemics, refugees, aging, child health, and residential segregation. Third, research on human health, physical factors of the built environment, and the influencing factors under user differences should be further studied. Finally, the health benefits and evaluation of green buildings have been research hotspots.
　　In the future, it is necessary to further explore the connotation and extension of "health"; the causal paths, influence boundaries, and dimensions of health and built environments; and their individual differences and dynamics. Also, a study could be done on four aspects: retrospective explanations, integrated holistic views, human-factor interaction mechanisms, and evidence-based design and evaluation. This study did the following: (1) Devised a retrospective explanation of health and built environments based on low-tech and affordable features; (2) strengthened the attention to the current situation, problems, and countermeasures of built-space health for disadvantaged groups and remote areas; (3) researched the dynamic coordination mechanism of built environments from an integrated and holistic perspective; (4) comprehensively clarified the overall effect of multifactor coupling; (5) explored the key indicators and methods to comprehensively characterize health on the basis of using subjects; (6) created intelligent interactive applications with the help of image recognition and deep learning of user behavior preferences; and (7) did progressive, evidence-based designed research of healthy buildings based on existing research results with the goal of long-term health.
　　The results can provide a reference for the research direction and practice explorations related to healthy buildings, which aim to promote the design of a comfortable, healthy, environmentally friendly, and sustainable built environment system through "building behavior". They can also enhance sustainable development in the context of overall population and environmental and ecological health.

Key words: healthy building, COVID-19, influencing factor, evaluation criteria, human factor dimension, green buildings

中圖分類號(hào): 

TU-02 

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